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روز تبریز مبارک! | روز تبریز چه روزی است؟ ویژه

 

 

روز تبریز مبارک!

روز تبریز چه روزی است؟ آیا می دانید در تاریخ کشور عزیزمان ایران روزی هم به نام روز تبریز نامگذاری شده است؟

14 مرداد سالروز پیروزی نهضت مشروطه در سال 1285هجری شمسی است که به پیشنهاد شهردار تبریز، جناب آقای شهین باهر عزیز، در تقویم رسمی کشور باید نامگذاری شود.

آنچه در تاریخ مبنای شکل گیری "نظام مشروطه" نامیده می شود، در ابتدا صدور فرمان تاسیس مجلس در مردادماه 1285 هجری شمسی است.

113 سال قبل، در همین روزها مردم تبریز برای آزادی از اسارت استعمار و عقب ماندگی های سیاسی اجتماعی به پا خاستند تا در جامعه ی آزاد و بدون فساد و ظلم و بی عدالتی که لایق آن بودند زندگی کنند.

 

ستارخان سردار ملی ایران

 

در همین روزها بود که هرج و مرج جامعه ایرانی به ذلت کشیده شده بود و مردم تبریز با الگو قراردادن رسالت ملی و مذهبی خود، علیه استعمار و استثمار مبارزه و اعتراض خود را عنوان کرده و مبارزه ای نو را آغاز کردند که آزادی خواهی، عدالت طلبی، دیکتاتورستیزی و ظلم ستیزی در آن حرف اول را می زد.

وقتی مبارزات مردمی همراه با پشتیبانی علمای دینی و مراجع مذهبی محقق شد و نتیجه داد، مظفرالدین شاه که از هر سو خطر را احساس می کرد در نهایت تسلیم شد و در روز 14 مرداد سال 1285 شمسی، فرمان مشروطیت را برای ساختار و بنیاد سیاسی ایران صادر کرد. فرمان بدین شرح است :

" در این موقع که رأی همایون ملوکانه ما بدان تعلق گرفت که برای رفاهیت و آسودگی قاطبه اهالی ایران و تشیید و تأیید مبانی دولت، اصلاحات مقتضیه به مرور در دوایر دولتی و مملکتی به موقع اجرا گذارده شود، چنان مصمم شدیم که مجلسی از منتخبین شاهزادگان و علما و اعیان و اشراف و ملاکین و تجار و اصناف به انتخاب طبقات مرقومه در دارالخلافه تهران تشکیل و تنظیم شود… و در کمال امنیت و اطمینان عقاید خودشان را در خیر دولت و ملت و مصالح عامه و احتیاجات مهمه قاطبه اهالی مملکت به توسط شخص اول دولت به عرض برسانند که به صحه مبارکه موشح و به موقع اجرا گذارده شود…"

از این تاریخ تا زمان کودتای رضاشاه که به نوعی مرگ مشروطه و مشروطیت بود، طی یک دوره 15 ساله ایران مشاهده گر اتفاقات و حوادث زیادی بود. نهضت مشروطه ی ایران، با اینکه به سلسله ی یک و نیم قرنی قاجار پایان بخشید، اما کودتای رضاخان آخرین نفس های مشروطه را هم گرفت و در نهایت نهضتی که در اوایل سال 1285 شمسی با تلاش و فریاد اعتراض مشروطه خواهان اوج گرفته بود، در اواخر سال 1299 به وسیله ی رضاخان خاموش شد. اولین مجلس مشروطه دو سال بعد از شروع، در سال 1287 توسط نظامیان روسی و به کمک حکومت وقت که مخالف سرسخت مشروطیت بود به توپ بسته شد. پس از آن در فضای ترس و سرکوب گری ایجاد شده ی بعد از آن، بسیاری از آزادی خواهان و روحانیون و معرضان دلسوز وقت مخصوصا روزنامه نگاران به دار آویخته شدند که بعد از آن و با آتش خشم آزادی خواهان، تهران به تصرف مشروطه خواهان درآمد و از سوی دیگر، وقوع جنگ جهانی اول موجب گسترش مداخلات قوای بیگانه در شمال و جنوب و غرب ایران شد. قراردادهای سری 1907 و 1915 نیز از جمله قراردادهایی بودند که ایران را به مناطق تحت نفوذ آنها تبدیل کرد.

 

نهضت مشروطه

 

آنچه که موجب فتح تهران شد، پایداری مردم تبریز و انگیزه دهی به مشروطه خواهان برای تلاش و آزادی خواهی بود.


قهرمانانی که در حادثه ی مشروطه خواهی می توان از آنان نام برد، ستارخان و باقرخان، علی مسیو، میرهاشم دوه چی، حاج علی داواچی، میرزا ابراهیم آقا تبریزی، حیدرخان عمواوغلی، حاج محمدقلی خان آغ بلاغی، عباس قلی خان جوبندی، حسین بیگ قره داغی، زینال، حاج عظیم خان برادر کوچک ستارخان، کریم خان و ابراهیم خان از برادرزادگان ستارخان، داداش بی و آقابی اهری هستند که با فدای جان خود در راه آرمان های عدالت خواهی خود فصل جدیدی از حیات سیاسی اجتماعی را برای ایران رقم زدند.

 

میرهاشم دوه چی

میرهاشم دوه چی

 

حاج علی دواچی

حاج علی دواچی

 

حیدرخان عمواوغلی

حیدرخان عمواوغلی

 

کربلایی علی مسیو

 

زینب پاشا

زینب پاشا

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